Health is a priority for everyone, yet some diseases can take us by surprise despite our best efforts. Breast cancer is one such condition, ranking among the most commonly diagnosed cancers in women worldwide. Every year, millions of new cases arise, making it a leading cause of cancer-related deaths.
What is Breast Cancer?
Breast cancer occurs when abnormal cells in the breast multiply uncontrollably, forming tumors. These tumors typically originate in the milk ducts or lobules. In its early stages (in situ), breast cancer is non-invasive and often treatable. However, if it becomes invasive, it can spread to nearby tissues, lymph nodes, and other organs, a process known as metastasis. Though primarily affecting women, men can also develop breast cancer, albeit rarely.
For those diagnosed, choosing the right treatment is critical. Surgery is a key option, with lumpectomy and mastectomy being the two primary procedures. While both aim to remove cancerous tissue, they differ in approach, extent, and recovery. But which one is the better choice? Let’s explore both options as explained by Dr Amita Jain, one of the leading laparoscopic surgeons for breast surgeons in Delhi.
What is a Lumpectomy?
A lumpectomy, also known as breast-conserving surgery, removes the tumor while preserving as much healthy breast tissue as possible. This procedure allows patients to retain their natural breast shape and is typically followed by radiation therapy to destroy any remaining cancer cells and reduce the risk of recurrence.
Who is a Suitable Candidate? – A lumpectomy is generally recommended for:
- Patients with early-stage breast cancer and small, localized tumors.
- Those with a tumor size proportional to their breast size.
- Individuals who prefer to preserve their natural breast.
Advantages of Lumpectomy
- Preserve breast appearance: Only the tumour is removed, maintaining a natural shape.
- Less impact on sensation: Minimal tissue removal helps retain breast sensation.
- Shorter recovery time: Healing is quicker with less discomfort compared to mastectomy.
- Effective cancer control: When combined with radiation, it provides strong treatment while conserving the breast.
- Boosts emotional well-being: Retaining the breast can improve self-esteem.
- Lower risk of surgical complications: Less tissue removal means fewer risks of infection or healing issues.
Disadvantages of Lumpectomy
- Requires radiation therapy: Most patients need radiation to minimize recurrence risk.
- Possibility of additional surgery: If cancerous cells remain in the margins, further surgery may be necessary.
- Potential cosmetic changes: The breast may change in size or shape, leading to asymmetry.
What is a Mastectomy?
A mastectomy involves removing the entire breast to eliminate cancer and reduce the risk of recurrence. Depending on the condition and personal choice, it can be performed on one or both breasts.
Who is a Suitable Candidate? – Mastectomy is often recommended for:
- Patients with large tumors or multiple cancerous areas in the same breast.
- Individuals at high risk of cancer recurrence.
- Those unable to undergo radiation therapy.
- Patients who prefer complete breast removal for peace of mind.
Advantages of Mastectomy
- Lower risk of recurrence: Removing all breast tissue significantly reduces the chance of cancer returning.
- No need for radiation therapy: In most cases, radiation is unnecessary post-mastectomy.
- Better suited for large tumors: Ideal for patients with extensive or multiple cancerous areas in one breast.
Disadvantages of Mastectomy
- Longer recovery time: Being a more extensive surgery, healing takes longer.
- Impact on body image: Losing a breast can affect self-esteem and emotional well-being.
- More invasive procedure: Surgery is complex and carries a higher risk of complications.
- Possible reconstructive surgery: Many patients opt for breast reconstruction, requiring additional procedures.
- Loss of sensation: Even with reconstruction, chest area sensation is usually lost permanently.
Choosing the Right Option
Deciding between lumpectomy and mastectomy depends on various factors. Doctors consider:
- Cancer Stage & Size: Early-stage, small tumours are suitable for lumpectomy, while advanced cancers may requirea mastectomy.
- Age Factor: Younger women may choose mastectomy for long-term security, whereas older women might opt for the less invasive lumpectomy.
- Genetic Risks: Women with BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations are often advised to undergo mastectomy to lower future risks.
- Personal Preferences: Some patients wish to retain their breasts, while others prefer mastectomy for reassurance.
- Aesthetic Outcomes: Lumpectomy preserves breast shape but may cause slight asymmetry, while mastectomy leads to significant changes with reconstruction as an option.
- Overall Health: Doctors assess fitness levels, recovery ability, and other health conditions before recommending a procedure.
Both lumpectomy and mastectomy are effective surgical options for treating breast cancer. The choice depends on medical factors, cancer progression, and personal preference. Consulting a doctor ensures an informed decision that balances cancer control, aesthetics, and overall well-being. No matter the choice, early detection and prompt treatment remain the best weapons against breast cancer.
Dr Amita Jain is a surgeon with the highest degree of professional competence, precision and surgical craftsmanship. Performed all complicated general surgery procedures with in depth knowledge of invasive and few minimal invasive and onco surgical techniques. Underwent special training in trauma, executed various trauma-related complex life-saving neurosurgical procedures, reconstructed injured mangled limbs and performed vascular and reconstructive procedures with critical care.
Dr Amita Jain holds 28 plus years of rich experience in Trauma and General Laparoscopic Surgeries (including Gallbladder stone removal, appendix removal, hernia repair surgery, piles and fissure surgeries). She was the Professor Surgery of at the Army College of Medical Sciences and Base Hospital Delhi Cantt. In 1994 she was commissioned as Surgeon under the United Nations Mission in Congo. From 2020 to 2022, she worked with Bansals Hospital. Currently, Dr Amita Jain is the Senior Consultant, (Speciality: General and Laparoscopic Surgeon) at Artemis Lite Hospital, New Delhi and Sr. General and Laparoscopic Surgeon at Rainbow Children Hospitals, Malviya Nagar, Delhi.