Piles, also known as hemorrhoids, are swollen blood vessels in the rectum, causing discomfort, pain, itching, and sometimes bleeding. While piles are a common condition affecting millions of people, many are concerned about whether having piles increases the risk of developing cancer, particularly colorectal cancer. This article from Dr Amita Jain Delhi and Gurgaon’s top laparoscopic piles surgeon specialist explores the link between piles and cancer risk and provides a clearer understanding of both conditions.
What are Piles?
Piles are generally classified into two types: internal and external hemorrhoids. Internal hemorrhoids are located inside the rectum and are usually painless but may cause bleeding. External hemorrhoids, on the other hand, develop under the skin around the rectum and can be painful and itchy, sometimes resulting in blood clots known as thrombosed hemorrhoids.
The most common causes of piles include chronic constipation, prolonged sitting, a low-fiber diet, straining during bowel movements, obesity, pregnancy, and aging. While piles can be uncomfortable and even debilitating, they are not inherently dangerous.
What is Colorectal Cancer?
Colorectal cancer develops in the colon or rectum, often starting as benign polyps that may become cancerous over time. Colorectal cancer, while less common, occurs in the tissues. Risk factors for colorectal and colorectal cancer include age, a family history of cancer, chronic inflammatory bowel diseases, smoking, and certain infections like human papillomavirus (HPV).
Both cancers can present with symptoms similar to piles, such as rectal bleeding, changes in bowel habits, or discomfort in the rectum area, making it essential to distinguish between the two conditions.
Does Having Piles Increase Cancer Risk?
The short answer is no, piles do not increase the risk of cancer. Hemorrhoids and cancer are separate conditions, and one does not lead to the other. However, piles and colorectal cancer can present similar symptoms, particularly rectal bleeding. This is why it’s essential not to assume that any rectal bleeding is due to piles alone, as it could also be a sign of a more serious condition like cancer.
If you experience rectal bleeding, significant changes in bowel habits, unexplained weight loss, or persistent abdominal pain, it is crucial to consult a healthcare professional to rule out cancer or other gastrointestinal disorders. Early detection is key for both piles and cancer, ensuring appropriate treatment and management.
How to Differentiate Between Piles and Cancer Symptoms?
Although piles and colorectal cancer can share some symptoms, there are key differences to watch for:
- Bleeding: Piles typically cause bright red blood after bowel movements, while cancer may cause darker blood mixed with stool.
- Pain: External hemorrhoids may cause pain and itching, but internal piles are usually painless. In contrast, cancer can cause persistent abdominal pain or discomfort.
- Bowel habits: Sudden and lasting changes in bowel habits, like alternating between diarrhea and constipation, may be a warning sign of colorectal cancer, rather than piles.
- Lumps: While hemorrhoids cause lumps around the rectum, colorectal cancer may cause a mass inside the rectum that can be felt during a medical examination.
If you notice any of these differences, it’s vital to see a doctor for proper diagnosis.
Preventing Piles and Cancer
Though piles don’t increase cancer risk, maintaining good bowel health can help prevent both conditions. Here are some tips:
- High-fiber diet: Eating fiber-rich foods like fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can prevent constipation and reduce the risk of piles.
- Stay hydrated: Drinking plenty of water aids digestion and helps soften stool.
- Exercise regularly: Physical activity promotes regular bowel movements and reduces strain during defecation.
- Routine screenings: If you are over 50 or have a family history of colorectal cancer, regular screenings such as colonoscopies can help detect cancer early.
While piles and cancer may share similar symptoms, there is no evidence to suggest that having piles increases your risk of developing colorectal cancer. However, if you experience any concerning symptoms, it’s important to consult a healthcare provider to rule out serious conditions. Regular check-ups, a healthy lifestyle, and being mindful of changes in your body can go a long way in preventing both piles and cancer.
Dr Amita Jain is a surgeon with highest degree of professional competence, precision and surgical craftsmanship. Performed all complicated general surgery procedures with in depth knowledge of invasive and few minimal invasive and onco surgical techniques. Underwent special training in trauma, executed various trauma-related complex life-saving neurosurgical procedures, reconstructed injured mangled limbs and performed vascular and reconstructive procedures with critical care.
Dr Amita Jain holds 28 plus years of rich experience in Trauma and General Laparoscopic Surgeries (including Gallbladder stone removal, appendix removal, hernia repair surgery, piles and fissure surgeries). She was the Professor Surgery of at the Army College of Medical Sciences and Base Hospital Delhi Cantt. In 1994 she was commissioned as Surgeon under the United Nations Mission in Congo. From 2020 to 2022, she worked with Bansals Hospital. Currently, Dr Amita Jain is the Senior Consultant, (Speciality: General and Laparoscopic Surgeon) at Artemis Lite Hospital, New Delhi