Hernias are a common medical condition characterized by the protrusion of an organ or tissue through an abnormal opening in the surrounding muscle or connective tissue. While hernias can affect anyone, men are significantly more susceptible to developing them than women. Understanding the reasons behind this increased susceptibility can help in both prevention and early detection.
What makes men more prone to hernias?
Dr Amita Jain, who is one of India’s top laparoscopic surgeons and specializes in hernia repair surgery shares the reasons why men are more prone to hernias:
Anatomical Differences – One of the primary reasons men are more susceptible to hernias is due to anatomical differences. The inguinal canal, through which the spermatic cord and blood vessels pass to the testicles, is inherently a weak spot in the male abdominal wall.
During fetal development, the testes descend through this canal, creating a potential site for hernias. In men, this canal remains an area of weakness throughout life, making it more likely for a portion of the intestine or other tissue to protrude through it, leading to an inguinal hernia.
Hormonal Factors – Hormones play a crucial role in the structural integrity of tissues. In men, lower levels of estrogen result in different connective tissue characteristics compared to women. Estrogen is known to contribute to the strength and elasticity of connective tissues. Consequently, men’s tissues may be less resilient and more prone to tearing or weakening under stress, making them more susceptible to hernias.
Physical Activity and Strain – Men often engage in activities that involve heavy lifting, strenuous physical labor, or high-impact sports. These activities increase intra-abdominal pressure and strain the abdominal muscles, significantly raising the risk of developing a hernia. Improper lifting techniques and sudden, forceful movements can exacerbate this risk by placing additional stress on the abdominal wall.
Genetic Predisposition – Genetics also play a significant role in hernia susceptibility. If a close relative, such as a parent or sibling, has had a hernia, the likelihood of developing one increases. Studies suggest that genetic factors may influence the composition and strength of connective tissues, making some individuals more prone to hernias. This genetic predisposition appears to be more pronounced in men.
Age-Related Changes – As men age, the risk of hernias increases. The aging process naturally leads to the weakening of muscles and connective tissues, making older men more susceptible to hernias. Additionally, conditions such as chronic coughing, constipation, and obesity, which are more common with advancing age, can increase intra-abdominal pressure and the likelihood of hernia formation.
Men’s increased susceptibility to hernias is influenced by a combination of anatomical, hormonal, physical, genetic, and age-related factors. While some of these factors, such as genetics and anatomy, cannot be changed, others can be managed through lifestyle modifications. Men can reduce their risk of developing hernias by maintaining a healthy weight, practising proper lifting techniques, avoiding activities that overly strain the abdominal muscles, and seeking medical advice when symptoms suggestive of a hernia arise. Understanding these risk factors is crucial for both prevention and early intervention, potentially reducing the incidence and severity of hernias in men.
Dr Amita Jain is a surgeon with highest degree of professional competence, precision and surgical craftsmanship. Performed all complicated general surgery procedures with in depth knowledge of invasive and few minimal invasive and onco surgical techniques. Underwent special training in trauma, executed various trauma-related complex life-saving neurosurgical procedures, reconstructed injured mangled limbs and performed vascular and reconstructive procedures with critical care.
Dr Amita Jain holds 28 plus years of rich experience in Trauma and General Laparoscopic Surgeries (including Gallbladder stone removal, appendix removal, hernia repair surgery, piles and fissure surgeries). She was the Professor Surgery of at the Army College of Medical Sciences and Base Hospital Delhi Cantt. In 1994 she was commissioned as Surgeon under the United Nations Mission in Congo. From 2020 to 2022, she worked with Bansals Hospital. Currently, Dr Amita Jain is the Senior Consultant, (Speciality: General and Laparoscopic Surgeon) at Artemis Lite Hospital, New Delhi